Egypt
The Arab Republic of Egypt is a country in north Africa with a population of 76.5 million people.
The 16th most populous country in the world, the vast majority of its residents live near or on the banks of the Nile River, where the country's only arable land can be found. Around half of its population live in urban areas centring around Cairo, Alexandria and other towns in the Nile Delta.
The Sahara Desert covers large swathes of Egypt, with very little population found within its confines.
The country includes the Sinai Peninsula - a land bridge that connects Asia to Africa. It has borders with Libya to the west, Sudan to the south and Israel and the Gaza Strip to the east. The northern coast borders on the Mediterranean Sea, while the eastern coast is situated on the Red Sea.
Media, petroleum exports, agriculture and tourism are the main components of the country's economy. Despite the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971, dependence on the Nile, a lack of arable land and a rapidly growing population continue to place stress on Egypt's economy. Its main revenues now come from tourism and from traffic passing through the Suez Canal.
Egypt has been a republic since 1953, with Mohamed Hosni Mubarak holding the post of President of the Republic since 1981. Ostensibly organised into multi-party semi-presidential system, power rests almost solely with the president instead of being divided between the president and the prime minister as it theoretically should be.
Presidential elections in recent years have been plagued by allegations of rigging and fraud, meaning much of the populace is now sceptical about the progress of democracy within Egypt's political system.
With the exception of its Mediterranean coast, Egypt has a desert climate and suffers from the lowest levels of rainfall of any country in the world.
Charter services fly direct from London Gatwick to Egypt, and British Airways also services its major cities. British Mediterranean (a British Airways franchise partner) operates daily services from London to Alexandria.
A flight from London to Cairo takes around four hours and 45 minutes.
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